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Department of Defense The earliest possible age to claim retirement benefits is The increase for deferred claiming stops accruing at age Social Security benefits continue as long as a person lives and are inflation-protected through an annual cost-of-living adjustment. An adequate stream of inflation-protected income can guard against poverty in old age. To help individuals facing this complicated decision, various groups—from the government to financial services firms—have developed free online benefit calculators.

The Social Security Administration SSA provides a variety of online tools to inform individuals about the claiming decision and the program rules that may affect it. Lastly, as part of their services offering comprehensive retirement advice, for-profit companies such as Financial Engines and Bankrate also provide online Social Security calculators.

Such tools share the general goal of helping the public prepare for retirement. As with any other online resource, the user must understand the purpose and limitations of each tool before following any advice it provides. Research has found that users of publicly available retirement planning tools may make irrational decisions based on suboptimal advice Turner Another study Dorman and others examines the effectiveness of 36 such planning tools and identifies more than 20 factors that provide consumers with credible recommendations and reliable education about their retirement options but are not used consistently by the tools.

The latter study also suggests that the tools' different input variables and default assumptions drive differences in the results and thus in the suggested actions or lack thereof. The authors conclude that only 30 percent of the online tools succeeded in providing adequate advice while the other 70 percent provided inaccurate, ambiguous, or unclear advice. However, the consensus on these tools is that they are helpful if users understand their limitations Powell , ; Tresidder This note provides information on six publicly available online retirement planning tools that focus primarily or exclusively on the Social Security claiming decision.

It explains their advantages and limitations, what types of information the tools require of the user inputs , and what types of information the tools provide outputs. The note also discusses how the Social Security claiming decision works, the types of information SSA provides to assist individuals with that decision, and why other organizations have developed their own calculators.

The six tools are from reputable, well-known organizations. They are available to the public, do not require the user to create an account with the organization, and are free to use. Their inclusion here is for research and comparative purposes only. None of the tools reviewed here duplicate any of those evaluated in the cited previous studies.

The age at which a worker can claim full Social Security retirement benefits depends on his or her year of birth. For an individual born during the period —, the FRA is For each successive birth year from through , the FRA is 2 months older than the preceding year: 66 and 2 months for , 66 and 4 months for , and so forth.

The FRA is 67 for those born in or later. The earliest eligibility age EEA at which an individual can claim retirement benefits is Although individuals may choose to claim benefits at the earliest opportunity for numerous reasons, such as becoming disabled, facing a work limitation, being laid off, or having to care for a disabled spouse or other family member Helman, Copeland, and VanDerhei , claiming retirement benefits before reaching FRA results in permanently lower monthly benefits.

The monthly benefit amount is actuarially reduced to account for the longer period of time over which benefits will be received. In addition, Social Security provides delayed retirement credits for those who claim benefits after reaching their FRA , up to age For every month the individual delays, benefits increase by two-thirds of 1 percent, amounting to an annual increase of 8 percent.

For example, if an individual has a FRA of 67 and delays claiming benefits until age 70, his or her monthly benefit will increase 24 percent. The monthly benefit amount is actuarially increased to account for the shorter period of time over which benefits will be received.

Social Security pays benefits to retired workers and in some cases also to spouses and survivors of retired workers. At FRA , a spouse is eligible to receive 50 percent of his or her higher-earning spouse's retired-worker benefit. Spousal benefits can start as early as age 62, but are reduced for each month they are claimed before FRA the reduction percentage differs slightly from that applied to retired-worker benefits.

Divorced spouses can also receive benefits if the marriage lasted at least 10 years. An individual who claims a spousal benefit effectively also claims the retired-worker benefit to which he or she is eligible based on his or her own earnings record. Widow er s can claim a reduced survivor benefit starting at age The FRA for survivor benefits can differ from that for retired-worker benefits depending on year of birth.

The maximum survivor benefit is generally limited to the retirement benefit the deceased worker would have received if he or she were still alive. If a survivor beneficiary qualifies for his or her own retired-worker benefit and it exceeds the survivor benefit, he or she can switch to the retired-worker benefit as early as age Most people claim retired-worker benefits before reaching their FRA , with many claiming as early as possible at age 62 Chart 1.

Of the nondisabled persons who claimed benefits in , Although most people still claim before reaching FRA , increasing proportions have been claiming at later ages in recent years. The Over the same span, the percentage of men who claimed at FRA rose from Similarly, the percentage of women who claimed benefits at age 62 declined from As previously noted, the age at which an individual claims retired-worker benefits determines the monthly benefit amount and can also affect the benefit for his or her spouse and survivors.

A Social Security claims representative reviews a claimant's information and determines eligibility and claiming options but does not persuade the claimant to make any particular claiming decision. Claims representatives can provide monthly benefit amount estimates for claims filed at the EEA , FRA , age 70, or at any monthly interval within that range, but they are instructed not to examine further options once the claimant has decided SSA The agency provides Social Security program information through a variety of online tools and publications to enable users to decide on their own when to claim benefits.

For example, 11 online calculators allow users to estimate their monthly benefits under various detailed scenarios; SSA publications and webpages allow users to review program rules; and the Social Security Statement allows individuals to see their estimated benefit amount, personal earnings history, and lifetime Social Security and Medicare taxes paid.

Additionally, an individual can open a my Social Security account, which allows those who have not yet claimed benefits to view their earnings records and estimated future monthly benefits, and allows those who are already receiving benefits to report address and bank account changes and to obtain tax and benefit forms. Although SSA remains neutral regarding the claiming decision, many individuals would prefer advice on the best age to claim.

For example, according to the Understanding America Study, a nationally representative internet panel survey administered by the University of Southern California's Center for Economic and Social Research, 6 37 percent of respondents overall and 62 percent of retired respondents had sought information on the best age to claim Table 1.

Similar percentages sought information on retirement ages either for themselves or for a family member. Almost one-fifth of all respondents, and 41 percent of retired respondents, had hoped to find Social Security benefit claiming strategies.

The survey also asked nonretired respondents for their views on the types and adequacy of information available from SSA. When asked how they would prefer to receive information from SSA , a majority 61 percent of nonretirees strongly or somewhat agreed that they are comfortable performing online transactions related to their Social Security benefits Chart 3. Regardless of how they interact with SSA , many individuals want to receive more information on their retirement benefits; yet the agency, as noted, maintains a neutral stance on the claiming decision.

To provide further guidance, various outside stakeholders have developed their own online Social Security benefit calculators.

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